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Configure Virtual Routers

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A virtual router is a software object that functions like a hardware-based Layer 3 Internet Protocol (IP) router. A virtual router enables a computer to perform the functions of a physical router. Just as with a physical router, on a virtual router you configure static and dynamic routing protocols, including unicast and multicast protocols, router advertisements, and redistribution and import policies.

You configure all properties of a virtual router in the Configure Virtual Router popup window.

Set Up a Virtual Router

  1. In Director view:
    1. Select the Administration tab in the top menu bar.
    2. Select Appliances in the left menu bar.
    3. Select an appliance in the main pane. The view changes to Appliance view.
  2. Select the Configuration tab in the top menu bar.
  3. Select Networking > Virtual Routers in the left menu bar
  4. Click the add-icon-black-on-white.png Add icon. The Configure Virtual Router popup window displays.

    configure-virtual-router-virtual-router-details-tab-2-border.png
  5. Select the Virtual Router Details tab. Enter information for the following fields.
     
    Field Description
    Instance Name Enter a unique name for the virtual router.
    Description Enter a text description for the interface.
    Instance Type

    Select the virtual router instance type:

    • Virtual Routing Instance—Configure a simple VPN. This is the basic instance type.
    • Virtual Routing Forwarding Instance—Configure a router for Layer 3 VPN.
    Global VRF ID Enter an ID for the global VRF.
    MPLS VPN Core (Group of Fields) For a virtual routing instance and for MPLS, click to configure the virtual router as the core router.
    • MPLS Local Router Address
    		 For a virtual routing instance and for MPLS, enter the local router’s IPv4 or IPv6 address.
    • MPLS Local Router Interface
    		 Select the local router interface to use for MPLS.
    • Family
    		 Select the family to use for the virtual router.
    EVPN Core (Group of Fields) Ethernet VPN (EVPN) enables you to connect two or more Layer 2 domains over IP or MPLS Layer 3 underlay networks.
    • EVPN Local Router Address
    		 Enter the IP address of the local EVPN router.
    • EVPN Local Router Interface
    		 Select a local router interface for the EVPN core.
    • Family
    		 Select a family for the virtual router.
    Create Dynamic GRE Tunnels Click to create dynamic GRE tunnels.
    Interfaces/Networks Select one or more interfaces to assign to the routing instance.
  6. Click OK.

Configure Static Routes

  1. If you are continuing from the previous section, skip to Step 6.
  2. In Director view:
    1. Select the Administration tab in the top menu bar.
    2. Select Appliances in the left menu bar.
    3. Select an appliance in the main pane. The view changes to Appliance view.
  3. Select the Configuration tab in the top menu bar.
  4. Select Networking > Virtual Routers in the left menu bar.
  5. Click the add-icon-black-on-white.png Add icon. The Configure Virtual Router popup window displays.
  6. Select Static Routing in the horizontal menu bar in the Configure Virtual Router window.

    configure-virtual-router-static-routing-tab-border.png
  7. To add an IPv4 or IPv6 unicast static route, select the IPv4/IPv6 Unicast tab and then click the add-icon-black-on-white.png Add icon. Enter information for the following fields.

    add-IPv4-v6-unicast-border.png  
     
    Field Description
    Destination Enter the destination IP address or network.
    Action (Group of Fields)  
    • Next-Hop Interface
    		 Select the next-hop interface towards the destination network.
    • Next-Hop IP Address
    		 Click to specify the IP address to use to reach the destination network.
    • Next Routing Instance
    		 Click to select the routing instance to use to reach the destination network.
    • Discard

    Install the route in both the control plane and the data plane. In the data plane, the traffic is installed with the Discard option.

    For example, if there is a static route to 172.16.0.0/16 for which the Discard option is selected, a more specific route to 172.16.1.0/24 for which the Forward action is selected, and a default route (0.0.0.0/0), the data plane actions are as follows:
     

    Route Data Plane Action
    0.0.0.0/0 (default forwarding) Forward
    172.16.0.0/16 Discard
    172.16.1.0/24 Forward

    The following examples illustrate how packets are handled:

    • A packet to 172.16.1.10 is forwarded to the next hop.
    • A packet to 172.16.5.10 is silently dropped.
    • A packet to 8.8.8.8 is forwarded through the default gateway next hop.
    • Reject

    Install the route in both the control plane and the data plane. In the data plane, the traffic is installed with the Reject option.

    For example, if there is a static route to 172.16.0.0/16 for which the Reject option selected, a more specific route to 172.16.1.0/24 for which the Forward action selected,and a default route (0.0.0.0/0), the data plane actions are as follows:
     

    Route Data Plane Action
    0.0.0.0/0 (default forwarding) Forward
    172.16.0.0/16 Reject
    172.16.1.0/24 Forward

    The following examples illustrate how packets are handled:

    • A packet to 172.16.1.10 is forwarded to the next hop.
    • A packet to 172.16.5.10 is dropped, and an ICMP message is sent to the sender reporting that the destination is unreachable.
    • A packet to 8.8.8.8 is forwarded through the default gateway next hop.
    • No Install

    Install the route in the control plane only, and do not install the route in the data plane.

    For example, if there is a static route to 172.16.0.0/16 for which the No Install option selected and a default route (0.0.0.0/0), a packet destined to 172.16.0.10 is sent using the default route if the data plane has no matching routes that are longer.

    Enable ICMP (Group of Fields)

    Click to enable ICMP monitoring of the next hop configured for the static route. If the ICMP monitoring fails, the route is withdrawn from the routing table. Note that if you configure one or more of the Enable ICMP, Monitor, and Enable BFD fields simultaneously, and if any one of the monitors fails, the static route is withdrawn from the routing table.
    • Interval

    Enter the time interval between ICMP packets.

    Range: 1 through 60 seconds
    • Threshold
    		 Enter the the number of ICMP probes to be missed before setting the state of the ICMP monitor as down and withdrawing the static route.
    Range: 1 through 60
    Metric

    Enter the cost to reach the destination network. The metric is used to choose between multiple paths learned with the same routing protocol.

    Range: 1 through 4294967295
    Preference

    Enter the administrative distance (AD) or route preference value of the static route. You can assign a preference for each route. The preference is used to choose between multiple paths learned from different routing protocols.

    Range: 1 through 255
    Tag Enter a tag for the static route.
    Monitor Select the name of a liveness detection monitor that must be up for the static route to become active. To configure a monitor, see Configure IP SLA Monitor Objects. Note that if you configure one or more of the Enable ICMP, Monitor, and Enable BFD fields simultaneously, and if any one of the monitors fails, the static route is withdrawn from the routing table.
    Enable BFD (Group of Fields)

    Click to enable Bidirectional Forwarding Detection monitoring of the next hop configured for the static route. If the BFD monitoring fails, the route is withdrawn from the routing table. Note that if you configure one or more of the Enable ICMP, Monitor, and Enable BFD fields simultaneously, and if any one of the monitors fails, the static route is withdrawn from the routing table.
    • Minimum Receive Interval

    Enter the minimum time interval to receive routes, in milliseconds.

    Range: 1 through 255000 milliseconds
    • Multiplier

    Enter the multiplier value to use to calculate the final minimum receive interval and minimum transmit interval.

    Range: 1 through 255
    • Minimum Transmit Interval

    Enter the time after which routes can be retransmitted, in milliseconds.

    Range: 1 through 255000 milliseconds
  8. Click OK
  9. To add an IPv4 multicast static route, select the IPv4 Multicast tab and then click the add-icon-black-on-white.png Add icon. Enter information for the following fields.

    add-IPv4-multicast-border.png  
     
    Field Description

    Destination

    		 Enter the destination IP address or network.

    Action (Group of Fields)

    		  
    • Interface

    Select the interface towards the destination network.
    • Next-Hop IP Address

    Click to specify the IP address to use to reach the destination network.
    • Next Routing Instance

    Click to select the routing instance to use to reach the destination network.
    Metric

    Enter the cost to reach the destination network. The metric is used to choose between multiple paths learned with the same routing protocol.

    Range: 1 through 4294967295
    Preference

    Enter the preference value of the IPv4 route.

    Range: 1 through 255
    Tag

    Enter a tag for the IPv4 route.
  10. Click OK.
  11. To add an IPv6 multicast static route, select the IPv6 Multicast tab and then click the add-icon-black-on-white.png Add icon. Enter information for the following fields.

    add-IPv6-multicast-border.png  
    Field Description

    Destination

    		 Enter the destination IP address or network.

    Action (Group of Fields)

    		  
    • Interface

    Select the interface towards the destination network.
    • Next-Hop IP Address

    Click to specify the IP address to use to reach the destination network.
    • Next Routing Instance

    Click to select the routing instance to use to reach the destination network.
    Metric

    Enter the cost to reach the destination network. The metric is used to choose between multiple paths learned with the same routing protocol.

    Range: 1 through 4294967295
    Preference

    Enter the preference value of the IPv6 route.

    Range: 1 through 255
    Tag

    Enter a tag for the IPv6 route.
  12. Click OK. The static route displays in the Configure Virtual Router popup window.

Configure OSPF and OSPFv3

The open shortest path first (OSPF) is an interior gateway routing protocol (IGP) that uses a link-state routing algorithm OSPFv2 for IPv4 is defined in RFC 2328. OSPF is a widely used as the IGP for IPv4, IPv6, and dual-stack (IPv4/IPv6) environments.

To configure OSPF and OSPFv3 for IPv4, IPv6, and dual-stack (IPv4/IPv6) environments:

  1. If you are continuing from the previous section, skip to Step 6.
  2. In Director view:
    1. Select the Administration tab in the top menu bar.
    2. Select Appliances in the left menu bar.
    3. Select an appliance in the main pane. The view changes to Appliance view
  3. Select the Configuration tab in the top menu bar.
  4. Select Networking > Virtual Routers in the left menu bar.
  5. Click the add-icon-black-on-white.png Add icon. The Configure Virtual Router popup window displays.
  6. Select OSPF in the horizontal menu bar in the Configure Virtual Router window.

    configure-virtual-router-OSPF-instance-tab-border.png
  7. Click the add-icon-black-on-white.png Add icon. The Add OSPF Instance popup window displays. Enter information for the following fields.

    add-OSPF-instance-areas-tab-border.png 
    Field Description
    Instance ID

    Enter the instance ID to assign to OSPF.

    Range: 1 through 65535
    Router ID Enter the router IP address to use for OSPF.
    Domain VPN Tag

    Enter the MPLS VPN tag attached to OSPF routes in this domain. Use this to enabled the OSPF PE-CE protocol on a PE router for external learned routes.

    Range: 1 through 4294967295
    Internal Admin Distance

    Enter the administrative distance for internal routes (routes learned within the routing domain).

    Range: 1 through 255
    External Admin Distance

    Enter the administrative distance for external routes (routes learned from another routing domain).

    Range: 1 through 255
    Reference Bandwidth Enter the reference bandwidth value to use when calculating the interface cost, in Mbps.
    Enable Alarms Click to enable the generation of alarms.
    Disable DN Bit Click to reset the DN it When redistributing routes. The DN bit is used for loop prevention, so it is always enabled or set.
    Areas Tab Select the Areas tab to configure the OSPF area.
  8. Click the add-icon-black-on-white.png Add icon to configure an OSPF area. An area is a collection of OSPF networks, routers, and links. Each area is assigned an ID. An area with zero as its ID is a backbone or normal area. Areas with non-zero IDs are non-backbone areas. Each area must be connected to the backbone area known as area 0. Areas communicate with other areas through the backbone area. Enter information for the following fields.

    add-OSPF-instance-add-area-type-border.png 
    Field Description
    Area ID Enter an ID for the area. A backbone area has an area ID of 0.0.0.0. Areas with non-zero IDs are non-backbone areas.
    Type (Tab) Select the Type tab to configure the OSPF area type.
    • Type

    Select the area type:

    • Backbone—Backbone area is normal area.
    • Normal—For non-backbone area.
    • NSSA—Not-so-stubby areas can import external routes into the OSPF routing domain and that can provide transit services to routing domains that are not part of the OSPF routing domain.
    • Stub—External routes are not advertised.
    Default Metric

    For a stub or an NSSA area, enter the metric for the default route.

    Range: 1 through 16777215
    • No Summaries

    For all area types except Normal, click to have a border router not advertise routes from the area.
  9. Select the Network tab to configure the network interface or IP address of the OSPF network. The list of configured networks displays.

    add-OSPF-instance-add-area-network-border.png
  10. Click the add-icon-black-on-white.png Add icon, and enter information for the following fields.

    add-OSPF-instance-add-area-add-network-border.png
     
    Field Description

    Network IP

    		 Click and enter the IP address of the network. If you select Network IP, the Network Name field is grayed out.

    Network Name

    		 Click and enter the name of the network. If you select Network Name, the Network IP field is grayed out.

    Network Type

    Select the network type:

    • Broadcast Type
    • Loopback Type
    • Point-to-Point Type

    Priority

    		 Enter a priority value to use in the election of the designated router (DR) and the backup designated router (BDR). On a multiaccess network, the OSPF router with the highest priority becomes the designated router, and the OSPF router with the second-highest priority becomes the backup router. If you set the priority to 0, the device does not participate in designated router and backup designated router election process

    Helper Mode Policy

    Select in which peer OSPF restart situation the local router should act as a helper:

    • All—All OSPF restart situations
    • Policy Reload—Software upgrade or reload of the peer router
    • Policy Software—Crash of the OSPF process on the peer router
    • Policy Switch—Control plane switchover on the peer router
    • Policy Unknown—OSPF issues a restart reason not signaled in the graceful restart (type 9) link-state advertisement (LSA)

    Maximum Grace Period

    		 Enter a value to signal how long, in seconds, a helper should help a router. When this period expires, the helper brings down the adjacency with the restarting router, flushes its LSAs from the database, and floods new LSAs to the rest of the network to inform the other routers that it has lost its adjacency to the neighbor.

    Metric

    Enter a value for the OSPF interface cost, which is used to calculate the total cost to reach a destination.
    Range: 1 through 65535
    Default: 1

    Passive

    Click to indicate that the router is a passive listener. A passive router does not advertise itself. If you do not click, the router actively propagates messages.

    Timers (Group of Fields)

    		  
    • Hello Interval

    Enter the time, in seconds, between the transmission of hello packets that this interface sends to neighbor routers.
    Range: 1 through 255 seconds
    Default: 10 seconds
    • Dead Interval
    		 Enter the time period, in seconds, during which at least one hello packet must be received from a neighbor before the router declares that neighbor to be down.
    Range: 1 through 65535 seconds
    Default: 40 seconds
    • Retransmit Interval
    		 Enter the time, in seconds, between the retransmission of LSAs to adjacent routers for a given interface.
    Range: 1 through 3600 seconds
    Default: 5 seconds
    • Transit Delay

    Enter the delay in retransmitting a message, in seconds

    Enter the time, in seconds, for how often to transmit a link-state update (LSU) on the interface.
    Range: 1 through 3600 seconds
    Default: 1 second

    Authentication (Group of Fields)

    		  
    • Type

    Select how to authenticate OSPF router traffic:

    • MD5—Use encrypted authentication
    • Simple Password—Use simple password-based authentication.
    • Key ID
    		 For MD5, enter the key ID.
    • MD5 Auth Key
    		 For MD5, enter the authorization key.
    • Auth Key
    		 For password-based authentication, enter the password.

    Enable BFD (Group of Fields)

    Click to enable BFD for OSPF. When BFD is enabled, when OSPF goes down, the router is marked as being down.

    When a BFD session that supports OSPF goes down, the OSPF neighborship also goes down without waiting for the dead timer interval to expire.
    • Minimum Receive Interval
    		 Enter the time interval, in milliseconds, at which the BFD peer can receive control packets.
    Range: 1 through 255000 milliseconds
    Default: 150 milliseconds
    • Multiplier
    		 Enter the number of times that a BFD control packet can be missed before BFD declares the neighbor to be down.
    • Minimum Transmit Interval
    		 Enter the time interval, in milliseconds, at which this device can send BFD control packets.
    Range: 1 through 255000 milliseconds
    Default: 150 milliseconds
  1. Click OK.
  2. Select the Virtual Link tab to configure an OSPF virtual link. When you merge networks, non-backbone areas communicate with each other through a virtual link. The list of configured virtual links displays.

    OSPF_virtual_link_tab.png
  3. Click the add-icon-black-on-white.png Add icon, and enter information for the following fields.

    OSPF_Add_virtual_link.png
     
    Field Description

    Neighbor ID

    		 Enter the IP address of the neighboring area.

    Transit Area

    		 Enter the ID or IP address of the backbone area.

    Passive

    (For Releases 21.2 and earlier.) Click to mark the router as a passive listener. A passive router sends no advertisement messages.

    Admin Up

    		 Click to indicate that the administrative status of the link is up.
    Timers (Group of Fields)  
    • Hello Interval
    		 Enter the interval, in seconds after which router sends advertisement messages.
    • Dead Interval
    		 Enter the time to wait, in seconds, before the router declares a neighbor to be dead because it has received no advertisements within that amount of time.
    • Retransmit Interval
    		 Enter the retransmit interval, in seconds, after which the router can retransmit a message.
    • Transmit Delay
    		 Enter the delay, in seconds, for retransmitting a message.
    Authentication (Group of Fields)  
    • Type

    Select how to authenticate router traffic:

    • MD5—Use encrypted authentication
    • Simple Password—Use password-based authentication
    • Key ID
    		 For MD5 authentication, enter the key ID.
    • MD5 Auth key
    		 For MD5 authentication, enter the authorization key.
    • Auth Key
    		 For password-based authentication, enter the password.
  4. Click OK.
  5. (For Releases 22.1.1 and later.) Select the Sham Link tab to configure a sham link. An OSPF sham link is a logical intra-area link carried by the backbone network. Routes exchanged over the backbone must appear as if being exchanged over an intra-area link for them to be classified as intra-area, and thus preferred, routes. Note that you can configure OSPF sham links only for OSPF Version 2 and only for area 0. You can configure only one sham link per OSPF instance.

    OSPF_Sham_Link_tab.png
  6. Click the add-icon-black-on-white.png Add icon, and enter information for the following fields.

    OSPF_Add_Sham_Link.png
     
    Field Description
    Local Endpoint Address (Required) Enter the IPv4 address of the local endpoint (local loopback interface).
    Remote Endpoint Address (Required) Enter the IPv4 address of the remote endpoint (loopback interface on the provider edge (PE) interface).
    Metric Enter a value for the OSPF interface cost, which is used to calculate the total cost to reach a destination.
    Range: 1 through 65535
    Timers (Group of Fields)  
    • Hello Interval
    		 Enter the interval, in seconds, after which router sends advertisement messages.
    • Dead Interval
    		 Enter the time to wait, in seconds, before the router declares a neighbor to be dead because it has received no advertisements within that amount of time.
    • Retransmit Interval
    		 Enter the retransmit interval, in seconds, after which the router can retransmit a message.
    • Transmit Delay
    		 Enter the delay, in seconds, for retransmitting a message.
    Authentication (Group of Fields)  
    • Authentication Type

    Select an authentication type:

    • MD5—Use encrypted authentication. Then, enter an ID in the Key ID field and a key in the MD5 Authentication Key field.
    • None—Use no authentication.
    • Simple Password—Use simple password-based authentication. Then, enter a password in the Authentication Key field.
  7. Click OK three times to return to the OSPF tab of the Configure Virtual Router popup window.

    OSPFv3_Instance_Tab.png
  8. Select the OSPFv3 Instance tab and then click the add-icon-black-on-white.png Add icon to configure OSPFv3. Enter information for the following fields.

    add-OSPFv3-instance-border.png 
    Field Description
    Interface ID Enter the instance ID to assign to OSPFv3.
    Router ID Enter the router IP address to use for OSPFv3.
    VPN PE CE Instance Click to enable a VPN PE CE instance.
    Internal Admin Distance Enter the administrative distance for internal routes (routes learned within the routing domain).
    External Admin Distance Enter the administrative distance for external routes (routes learned from another routing domain).
    Enable Alarms Click to enable the alarm generation.

  9. Click the add-icon-black-on-white.png Add icon to configure an OSPFv3 area. An area is a collection of OSPF networks, routers, and links. Each area is assigned an ID. An area with zero as its ID is a backbone or normal area. Areas with non-zero IDs are non-backbone areas. Each area must be connected to the backbone area known as area 0. Areas communicate with other areas through the backbone area. Enter information for the following fields.

    add-OSPFv3-instance-add-area-type-border.png

    Field Description

    Area ID

    		 Enter an ID for the area. A backbone area has an area ID of 0.0.0.0. Areas with non-zero IDs are non-backbone areas.
    Type (Tab) Select the Type tab to configure the OSPFv3 area type.
    • Type

    Select the area type:

    • Backbone—Backbone area is normal area.
    • NSSA—Not-so-stubby areas can import external routes into the OSPF routing domain and that can provide transit services to routing domains that are not part of the OSPF routing domain.
    • Stub—External routes are not advertised.
    • No Summaries

    For all area types except Normal, click to have a border router not advertise routes from the area.
  10. Select the Network tab to configure the network interface or IP address of the network running OSPFv3. The list of configured networks displays.

    add-OSPFv3-instance-add-area-network-border.png

  11. Click the add-icon-black-on-white.png Add icon, and enter information for the following fields.

    add-OSPFv3-insrtance-add-area-add-network-border.png

     

    Field Description

    Interfaces

    		 Select an interface in the OSPFv3 area. If you select Interfaces, the Network Name field is grayed out.

    Network Name

    		 Select the name of the network for the OSPFv3 area. If you select Network Name, the Interfaces field is grayed out.

    Interfaces

    		 Select an interface for the OSPFv3 area.

    Network Name

    		 Select the name of the network for the OSPFv3 area.

    Network Type

    Select the network type:

    • Broadcast Type
    • Loopback Type
    • Point-to-Point Type

    Instance ID

    		 Enter the ID for the OSPFv3 instance.

    Priority

    		 Enter a value for the priority. A router with a higher priority propagates routes before other routers.

    Metric

    Enter a metric value to use to determine how to choose a route to advertise. The route can be chosen based on path length, bandwidth, hop count, load, path cost, MTU, and communication cost.

    Passive

    Click to indicate that the router is a passive listener. A passive router does not advertise itself. If you do not click, the router actively propagates messages.

    Timers (Group of Fields)

    		  
    • Hello Interval
    		 Enter the interval, in seconds, after which router advertises itself.
    • Dead Interval
    		 Enter the time to wait, in seconds, before declaring a router dead, in seconds, because the router does not advertise itself.
    • Retransmit Interval
    		 Enter the time after which the router can transmit a message, in seconds.
    • Transit Delay
    		 Enter the delay in retransmitting a message, in seconds.
  12. Select the Virtual Link tab to configure an OSPFv3 virtual link. When you merge networks, non-backbone areas communicate with each other through a virtual link. The list of configured virtual links displays.

    add-OPSFv3-instance-add-area-virtual-link-tab.png

  13. Click the add-icon-black-on-white.png Add icon, and add information for the following fields.

    add-OSPFv3-instance-add-area-add-virtual-link.png

    Field Description
    Neighbor ID Enter the IP address of the neighboring area.
    Transit Area Enter the ID or IP address of the backbone area.
    Instance ID Enter the ID of the OSPFv3 instance.
    Timers (Group of Fields)  
    • Hello Interval
    		 Enter the interval, in seconds after which router sends advertisement messages.
    • Dead Interval
    		 Enter the time to wait, in seconds, before the router declares a neighbor to be dead because it has received no advertisements within that amount of time.
  14. Click OK. The Configure Virtual Router popup window displays the OSPF instance.

Configure RIP

The Routing Information Protocol (RIP) is a distance-vector routing protocol. RIP uses hop counts as routing metrics and prevents routing loops by implementing a limit on the number of hops allowed in the source-to-destination path. The largest number of hops allowed is 15. This number limits the size of networks supported by RIP.

To configure RIP:

  1. If you are continuing from the previous section, skip to Step 6.
  2. In Director view:
    1. Select the Administration tab in the top menu bar.
    2. Select Appliances in the left menu bar.
    3. Select an appliance in the main pane. The view changes to Appliance view.
  3. Select the Configuration tab in the top menu bar.
  4. Select Networking > Virtual Routers in the left menu bar
  5. Click the add-icon-black-on-white.png Add icon. The Configure Virtual Router popup window displays.
  6. Select RIP in the horizontal menu bar in the Configure Virtual Router window.

    configure-virtual-router-RIP-tab-border.png
  7. Click the add-icon-black-on-white.png Add icon. The Add RIP Instance popup window displays.

    add-RIP-instance-General-tab-border.png
  8. In the General tab, enter information for the following fields.
     
    Field Description
    General Tab Select the General tab to enter the details.
    Instance ID

    Enter the RIP instance ID number.

    Range: 1 through 65535
    Preference

    Enter a preference value for the instance.

    Range: 1 through 255
    Route Timeout

    Enter the time value for routes, in milliseconds.

    Range: 1 through 255 milliseconds
    Update Interval

    Enter the interval between gratuitous response messages, in seconds. Response messages are broadcast to all interfaces on which RIP is enabled.

    Range: 1 through 2147483 seconds
    Default: 30 seconds
    Hold Down

    Enter a value for the hold-down timer. The hold-down timer is started for each route entry when the hop count changes from a lower value to higher value. During this time, no update can be made to the routing entry.

    Range: 1 through 255
    Authentication Type

    Select the type of authentication:

    • MD5
    • None
    • Simple password
    Authentication Key For simple password authentication, enter the password.
    Receive

    Select how to receive response message from neighboring routers:

    • Multicast
    • None
    Send

    Selection how to send request messages:

    • None
    • Version 2
    Enable BFD (Group of Fields)

    Click to enable BFD on the interface, to allow BFD to report when RIP becomes unavailable.
    • Minimum Receive Interval

    Enter the minimum time interval to receive routes, in milliseconds.

    Range: 1 through 255000 milliseconds
    • Multiplier

    Enter the multiplier value used to calculate the final minimum receive interval and minimum transmit interval.

    Range: 1 through 255
    • Minimum Transmit Interval

    Enter the time after which routes can be retransmitted, in milliseconds.

    Range: 1 through 255000 milliseconds
  9. Select the Groups tab to configure information for a RIP group. The Add Group popup window displays. Click the the add-icon-black-on-white.png Add icon to add a RIP group.
  10. Select the General tab, and enter information for the following fields.

    add-RIP-instance-add-group-general-tab-border.png  
    Field Description
    Name Enter a name for the RIP group.
    Authentication Type

    Select the type of authentication:

    • MD5
    • None
    • Simple Password
    Authentication Key For simple password authentication, enter the password. It can be up to 64 characters long.
    Receive

    Select how to receive response message from neighboring routers:

    • Multicast
    • None
    Send

    Select how to send request messages:

    • None
    • Version 2
    Enable BFD (Group of Fields)

    Click to enable BFD on the interface, to allow BFD to report when RIP becomes unavailable.
    • Minimum Receive Interval

    Enter the minimum time interval to receive routes, in milliseconds.

    Range: 1 through 255000 milliseconds
    • Multiplier

    Enter the multiplier value used to calculate the final minimum receive interval and minimum transmit interval.

    Range: 1 through 255
    • Minimum Transmit Interval

    Enter the time after which routes can be retransmitted, in milliseconds.

    Range: 1 through 255000 milliseconds
  11. Click OK.
  12. Select the Interfaces tab, click the add-icon-black-on-white.png Add icon to configure interfaces in the RIP group, and enter information for the following fields. Note that you can configure either interfaces in the RIP group (in the Interfaces tab) or networks in the RIP group (in the Networks) tab, but not both.

    add-RIP-instance-add-group-interfaces-tab-border.png  
    Field Description
    Interface Select the interface to add to the RIP group.
    Authentication Type

    Type of authentication:

    • MD5
    • None
    • Simple Password
    Authentication Key For Simple Password authentication, enter the password. It can be up to 64 characters long.
    Receive

    Select how to receive response message from neighboring routers:

    • Multicast
    • None
    Send

    Selection how to send request messages:

    • None
    • Version 2
    Enable BFD (Group of Fields)

    Click to enable BFD on the interface, to allow BFD to report when RIP becomes unavailable.
    • Minimum Receive Interval

    Enter the minimum time interval to receive routes, in milliseconds.

    Range: 1 through 255000 milliseconds
    • Multiplier

    Enter the multiplier value used to calculate the final minimum receive interval and minimum transmit interval.

    Range: 1 through 255
    • Minimum Transmit Interval

    Enter the time after which routes can be retransmitted, in milliseconds.

    Range: 1 through 255000 milliseconds
  13. Click OK. The Edit Group window displays the interface.
  14. Select the Network tab to configure networks in the RIP group, then click the add-icon-black-on-white.png Add icon. In the Add RIP Instance Add Group Add Network screen, enter information for the following fields. Note that you can configure either interfaces in the RIP group (in the Interfaces tab) or networks in the RIP group (in the Networks) tab, but not both.

    Add-RIP-instance-add-group-add-network-border.png

     

    Field Description
    Network Name Select the network to add to the RIP group.
    Authentication Type

    Type of authentication:

    • MD5
    • None
    • Simple Password
    Authentication Key For Simple Password authentication, enter the password. It can be up to 64 characters long.
    Receive

    Select how to receive response message from neighboring routers:

    • Multicast
    • None
    Send

    Selection how to send request messages:

    • None
    • Version 2
    Enable BFD (Group of Fields)

    Click to enable BFD on the interface, to allow BFD to report when RIP becomes unavailable.
    • Minimum Receive Interval

    Enter the minimum time interval to receive routes, in milliseconds.

    Range: 1 through 255000 milliseconds
    • Multiplier

    Enter the multiplier value used to calculate the final minimum receive interval and minimum transmit interval.

    Range: 1 through 255
    • Minimum Transmit Interval

    Enter the time after which routes can be retransmitted, in milliseconds.

    Range: 1 through 255000 milliseconds
  15. Click OK. The list of configured networks displays.
  16. Click OK. The Configure Virtual Router popup window displays the RIP instance.

Configure BGP

For information about configuring the Border Gateway Protocol (BGP), see Configure BGP.

Configure PIM

For Releases 20.2 and later.

For information about configuring Protocol-Independent Multicast (PIM), see Configure PIM in the Configure IP Multicast article. 

Configure IGMP

For Release 20.2 and later.

For information about configuring the Internet Group Management Protocol (IGMP), see Configure IGMP in the Configure IP Multicast article.

Configure Router Advertisements

  1. If you are continuing from the previous section, skip to Step 6.
  2. In Director view:
    1. Select the Administration tab in the top menu bar.
    2. Select Appliances in the left menu bar.
    3. Select an appliance in the main pane. The view changes to Appliance view.
  3. Select the Configuration tab in the top menu bar.
  4. Select Networking > Virtual Routers in the left menu bar.
  5. Click the add-icon-black-on-white.png Add icon. The Configure Virtual Router popup window displays.
  6. Select the Router Advertisement tab in the horizontal menu bar.
  7. Click the add-icon-black-on-white.png Add icon. In the Add Router Advertisement popup window, enter information for the following fields.

    add-router-advertisement-prefix-list-tab-border.png  
    Field Description
    Interface Name Select the interface to use.
    Lifetime Enter the default router lifetime, in seconds.
    Link MTU Include/Exclude link MTU in the router advertisement.
    Maximum Advertisement Interval Enter the maximum interval between each router advertisement message, in seconds.
    Mininum Advertisement Interval Enter the minimum interval between each router advertisement message, in seconds.
    Reachable Time Enter how long the host or router considers a neighbor as reachable until another reachability confirmation is received from that neighbor, in milliseconds.
    Retransmit Timer Enter how often to retransmit neighbor solicitation messages, in milliseconds.
    Managed Address Configuration Select whether to have the host to use a stateful autoconfiguration protocol for address autoconfiguration, in addition to any already configured stateless autoconfiguration.
    Other Stateful Configuration

    Select whether to enable autoconfiguration of other non-address–related information:

    • Reset
    • Set
    Router Preference

    Select the advertise router preference in the router advertisement:

    • High
    • Low
    • Medium

    When an IPv6 host receives a router advertisement message, it can use the router preference setting to select a default router.
  8. Select the Prefix List tab, then click the add-icon-black-on-white.png Add icon. In the Add Router Advertisement Add Prefix List popup window, enter information for the following fields.

    add-router-advertisement-add-prefix-list-border.png  
    Field Description

    Prefix

    Enter the IP prefix.
    Autonomous Flag

    Select whether prefixes in the router advertisement messages are used for stateless address autoconfiguration:

    • Reset
    • Set
    Preferred Lifetime Enter how long to prefer the autoconfigured prefix, in seconds.
    Valid Lifetime Enter how long the prefix remains valid, in seconds.
    On-Link Flag

    Select whether the prefix advertised in a router-advertisement message is an on-link prefix:

    • Reset
    • Set
  9. Click OK.
  10. In the Add Router Advertisement screen, select the Delegated Prefix Pool tab, and then click the add-icon-black-on-white.png Add icon.
  11. In the Add Router Advertisement Add Prefix List popup window, enter information for the following fields.

    add-router-advertisement-add-prefix-list-delegated-border.png  
    Field Description

    Delegated Prefix Pool

    Enter the number of delegated prefixes to include in router advertisement messages.
    Autonomous Flag

    Select whether prefixes in the router advertisement messages are used for stateless address autoconfiguration:

    • Reset
    • Set
    Preferred Lifetime (seconds) Enter how long to prefer the autoconfigured prefix, in seconds.
    Valid Lifetime (seconds) Enter how long the prefix remains valid, in seconds.
    On Link Flag

    Select whether the prefix advertised in a router-advertisement message is an on-link prefix:

    • Set
    • Reset
  12. Click OK. The Add Router Advertisement popup window displays the configured router advertisements.

Configure Prefix Lists

  1. If you are continuing from the previous section, skip to Step 6.
  2. In Director view:
    1. Select the Administration tab in the top menu bar.
    2. Select Appliances in the left menu bar.
    3. Select an appliance in the main pane. The view changes to Appliance view.
  3. Select Configuration tab in the top menu bar.
  4. Select Networking > Virtual Routers in the left menu bar.
  5. Click add-icon-black-on-white.png Add icon. The Configure Virtual Router popup window displays.
  6. Select Prefix Lists tab in the horizontal menu bar.

    configure-virtual-router-prefix-list-tab-border.png
  7. Click add-icon-black-on-white.png Add icon. The Add Prefix List window displays.

    add-prefix-list-border.png
  8. In the Prefix List Name field, enter a name for the prefix list.
  9. In the Sequence field, click add-icon-black-on-white.png Add icon to add a sequence. Enter information for the following fields.

    add-prefix-list-add-sequence-border.png
     
    Field Description

    Sequence Number

    Enter a sequence number for the prefix list.
    Action

    Select the action to take on the routes:

    • Deny—Select to deny routes on this prefix list.
    • Permit—Select to allow routes on this prefix list.
    Address Family

    Select the broadcast address family protocol of the route:

    • IPv4
    • IPv6
    IP Address (Group of Fields)  
    • IP Address/Mask
    		 Enter the IPv4 or IPv6 prefix of the routes grouped in this prefix list.
    • Minimum Prefix Length

    Enter the minimum number of prefix length to match.

    For IPv4 prefix:

    Range: 0 through 32

    For IPv6 prefix:

    Range: 0 through 128
    • Maximum Prefix Length

    Enter the maximum number of prefix length to match.

    For IPv4 prefix:
    Range: 0 through 32

    For IPv6 prefix:

    Range: 0 through 128
  10. Click OK. The Add Prefix List popup window displays the configured sequence.
  11. Click OK. The Configure Virtual Router popup window displays the configured prefix lists.

Configure Redistribution Policies

You configure redistribution policies to forward routes from one routing protocol to another protocol. You can redistribute routes among static, OSPF, and BGP. For example, to send static routes to an OSPF route, you need a redistribution policy.

To configure redistribution policies:

  1. If you are continuing from the previous section, skip to Step 6.
  2. In Director view:
    1. Select the Administration tab in the top menu bar.
    2. Select Appliances in the left menu bar.
    3. Select an appliance in the main pane. The view changes to Appliance view.
  3. Select the Configuration tab in the top menu bar.
  4. Select Networking > Virtual Routers in the left menu bar
  5. Click the add-icon-black-on-white.png Add icon. The Configure Virtual Router popup window displays.
  6. Select the Redistribution Policies tab in the horizontal menu bar.

    configure-virtual-router-redistribution-policies-tab-border.png
  7. Click the add-icon-black-on-white.png Add icon.
  8. In the Add Redistribution Policy popup window, enter the name of the policy in the Name field.

    add-redistribution-policy-border.png
  9. Click the add-icon-black-on-white.png Add icon. In the Add Redistribution Policy Add Term window, enter information for the following fields.

    add-redistribution-policy-add-term-border.png
     
    Field Description
    Term Name Enter a name for the term in the redistribution policy. The first instance created is evaluated first by the policy rule, and the remaining terms are evaluated in the order they are listed in the term name table.
  10. Select the Match tab to define redistribution policy match conditions. Enter information for the following fields.
     
    Field Description

    Protocol

    Select the protocol to match for redistribution:

    • BGP
    • DHCP
    • Direct
    • OSPF
    • RIP
    • SD-WAN
    • Static
    Route Type Select the route type for the protocol.
    Address Enter the IPv4 or IPv6 address of the route to match.
    Area Enter the OSPF area to match.
    OSPF Tag Enter the OSPF tag to match.
    Static Tag Enter the OSPF static tag to match.
    Well-Known Community

    (For Releases 21.2.1 and later.) Select a well-known community:

    • no_advertise—A BGP speaker that receives a route containing this community value must not advertise the route to any external or internal peer.
    • no_export—A BGP speaker that receives a route containing this community value must not advertise the route to its external BGP peers. However, the BGP speaker can advertise the route to its IBGP peers and to confederation peers in other member ASs within its local confederation.
    • no_export_subconfed—A BGP speaker that receives a route containing this community value must not advertise the route to any external peer including peers in other member ASs within its confederation.

    If you select a well-known community, you cannot also configure a string in the Community field.
    Community

    Enter the BGP community string to match.

    A BGP community is a group of destinations with a common property. This path attribute in BGP update messages identifies community members and performs actions at a group level instead of to an individual level. BGP communities help identify and segregate BGP routes, enabling a smooth traffic flow.

    If you configure a community string, you cannot also select a community in the Well-Known Community field.
    Extended Community Enter the extended BGP community identifier.
    Prefix Filter Name of the prefix list that defines the terms for the route prefixes to be advertised.
    Next-Hop Filter Name of the prefix list that defines the terms for matching the next hop of the route.
    Next Hop Enter the next-hop address for the route.
    Monitor Name of the monitor used for liveness detection, the state of which should be matched.
    Monitor Group Name of the monitor-group used for liveness detection, the state of which should be matched.
    State State of the monitor or monitor group to match.
  11. Select the Action tab to define redistribution policy action conditions. Enter information for the following fields.

    add-redistribution-policy-add-term-action-tab-border.png
     
    Field Description

    Accept/Reject

    Select the action to take for the route:

    • Accept—Accept all the traffic for the route.
    • Reject—Rejects all the traffic for the route.
    Set (Group of Fields)  
    • Well-Known Community

    (For Releases 21.2.1 and later.) Select a well-known community:

    • no_advertise—A BGP speaker that receives a route containing this community value must not advertise the route to any external or internal peer.
    • no_export—A BGP speaker that receives a route containing this community value must not advertise the route to its external BGP peers. However, the BGP speaker can advertise the route to its IBGP peers and to confederation peers in other member ASs within its local confederation.
    • no_export_subconfed—A BGP speaker that receives a route containing this community value must not advertise the route to any external peer including peers in other member ASs within its confederation.

    If you select a well-known community, you cannot also configure a string in the Community field.
    • Community

    Enter the BGP community string to match.

    A BGP community is a group of destinations with a common property. This path attribute in BGP update messages identifies community members and performs actions at a group level instead of to an individual level. BGP communities help identify and segregate BGP routes, enabling a smooth traffic flow.

    If you configure a community string, you cannot also select a community in the Well-Known Community field.
    • Extended Community
    		 Enter the BGP extended community identifier to add to the route.
    • Local Preference
    		 Enter the local BGP preference to add to the route.
    • MED
    		 Enter the multiexit BGP discriminator to add to the route.
    • Origin

    For BGP, select the source of the BGP route:

    • Local EGP
    • Remote IGP
    • Unknown Heritage
    • OSPF Tag
    		 For OSPF, enter the OSPF tag to add to the route.
    • OSPF Metric to BGP MED
    		 For routes being redistributed from OSPF to BGP, click to set the MED of BGP route to the same value as the OSPF metric.
    • OSPF Metric to BGP Local Preference
    		 For routes being redistributed from OSPF to BGP, click to set the local preference of BGP route to a mapped value from OSPF metric (4294967295 minus the OSPF metric).
    Metric

    Enter a value to determine how one route should be chosen over another:

    • Bandwidth
    • Communication cost
    • Hop count
    • Load
    • MTU
    • Path cost
    • Path length
    Metric Conversion

    Select the conversion factor for the metric value:

    • Inverse
    • Scale Down
    • Scale Up
    • Set
    • Truncate
    OSPF External Type

    Select the OSPF external type to use when distributing a route to OSPF:

    • E1
    • E2
    Route Preference Enter a value for the route preference.
    Standby (Group of Fields) Configure interchassis HA standby metrics.
    • Metric
    		 Enter the metric value for the interchassis HA standby.
    • Metric Conversion

    Select how to convert the for metric value from a route during redistribution:

    • Inverse
    • Scale Down
    • Scale Up
    • Set
    • Truncate
    • Local Preference
    		 Enter the local preference to use during the route redistribution.
    VRRP (Group of Fields)  
    • Standby Preference
    		 Enter the standby preference to use when exporting the prefix corresponding to the subnet of the interface in VRRP backup state.
    • Standby Metric
    		 Enter the metric value to set while the device is in VRRP backup state.
  12. Click OK. The Add Redistribution Policy popup window displays the configured policies.
  13. In the Configure Virtual Router > Redistribution Policies screen, select the Redistribute To tab, and click the add-icon-black-on-white.png Add icon. Enter information for the following fields.

    add-redistribute-to-border.png
     
    Field Description

    From RIB

    Select the route table from which the redistribution occurs:

    • inet-multicast-rib
    • inet-unicast-rib
    • inet6-multicast-rib
    • inet6-unicast-rib
    Destination

    Select the destination to which the redistribution occurs:

    • bgp
    • inet-multicast-rib
    • inet6-multicast-rib
    • ospf
    • rip
    Policy Name Select the name of the redistribution policy to use.
  14. Click OK. The Configure Virtual Router popup window displays the configured redistribution policies.

Configure Instance Import Policies

  1. If you are continuing from the previous section, skip to Step 6.
  2. In Director view:
    1. Select the Administration tab in the top menu bar.
    2. Select Appliances in the left menu bar.
    3. Select an appliance in the main pane. The view changes to Appliance view.
  3. Select the Configuration tab in the top menu bar.
  4. Select Networking > Virtual Routers in the left menu bar.
  5. Click the add-icon-black-on-white.png Add icon. The Configure Virtual Router popup window displays.
  6. Select the Instance Import Policies tab in the horizontal menu bar.

    configure-virtual-router-instance-import-policies-border.png
  7. Click the add-icon-black-on-white.png Add icon and enter information for the following fields.

    add-import-policies-border.png
     
    Field Description
    From Instance Select the instance to use for the import policies.
    Family Select the address family of the routes.
    Policy Name Select the name of the redistribution policy.
    From SAFI

    Select the subsequent address family identifier from which to import the policy:

    • Multicast
    • Unicast
    To SAFI

    Select the subsequent address family identifier to which to export the policy:

    • Multicast
    • Unicast
  8. Click OK. The Configure Virtual Router popup window displays the configured import policies.

Default Routing Preferences

The following tables lists the default values for route preferences, also referred to as administrative distances. The route with the lowest preference is the most likely to become the active route.

Route Source Default Preference
Connected 0
Static 1
EBGP 20
OSPF internal 30
OSPF external 110
RIP 120
IBGP 200

Supported Software Information

Releases 20.2 and later support all content described in this article, except:

  • Release 21.2.1 adds the following BGP configuration fields: AS Path Ignore, AS Path Multipath Relax, Community 4-Byte, Relax Rirst AS Check, Soft Reconfiguration, Suppress Peer AS, Weight, and Well-Known Community.
  • Release 22.1.1 adds support for OSPF sham links, SLA profiles tab for BGP, peer and peer group policy match and actions based on SLA parameters, and AS mode 5.